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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure     layered     cavity expansion theory     triaxial fracturing test     cohesive soil    

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A new method of studying collapsibility of loess

Yuanqing ZHU , Zhenghan CHEN ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 305-311 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0040-3

摘要： A new triaxial testing system that could control suction in wetting-induced collapsible tests was successfully developed to study the suction effects on wetting-induced collapsible deformation. The pedestal of the triaxial cell was made up of two parts, and the equipment not only could control suction but also could make water accessible to soil. A pressure/volume-controlled equipment was combined with the triaxial system to measure the water volume absorbed by samples accurately and to add pressure on water to filtrate into the sample. The apparatus could measure volume change precisely and keep the deviator stress unvaried, as well as measure the volume of water filtrating into the samples exactly. A triaxial collapsible testing procedure was described using the new apparatus for undisturbed collapsible loess with controlled suction. Furthermore, a series of double triaxial collapsible tests were conducted under different suctions and the same net cell pressure, and tests under different net cell pressures and the same suction were also done. It was indicated that the collapsible deformation increased with the increasing suction, and the effect of the net cell pressure on collapsible deformation was remarkable. The new triaxial apparatus was a useful facility to study the collapsible behavior of loess.

关键词： triaxial apparatus for collapsible soils     controlled suction     pressure/volume controlled equipment     double triaxial collapsible test     single triaxial collapsible test    

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Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxial

Diego Maria BARBIERI, Inge HOFF, Chun-Hsing HO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 412-424 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0700-5

摘要： The creation of the new “Ferry-Free Coastal Highway Route E39” in southwest Norway entails the production of a remarkable quantity of crushed rocks. These resources could be beneficially employed as aggregates in the unbound courses of the highway itself or other road pavements present nearby. Two innovative stabilizing agents, organosilane and lignosulfonate, can significantly enhance the key properties, namely, resilient modulus and resistance against permanent deformation, of the aggregates that are excessively weak in their natural state. The beneficial effect offered by the additives was thoroughly evaluated by performing repeated load triaxial tests. The study adopted the most common numerical models to describe these two key mechanical properties. The increase in the resilient modulus and reduction in the accumulated vertical permanent deformation show the beneficial impact of the additives. Furthermore, a finite element model was created to simulate the repeated load triaxial test by implementing nonlinear elastic and plastic constitutive relationships.

关键词： organosilane     lignosulfonate     crushed rocks     pavement unbound layers     repeated load triaxial test     finite element analysis    

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Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 333-345 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0718-8

摘要： Facial support in slurry shield tunneling is provided by slurry pressure to balance the external earth and water pressure. Hydraulic fracturing may occur and cause a significant decrease in the support pressure if the slurry pressure exceeds the threshold of the soil or rock material, resulting in a serious face collapse accident. Preventing the occurrence of hydraulic fracturing in a slurry shield requires investigating the effects of related influencing factors on the hydraulic fracturing pressure and fracture pattern. In this study, a hydraulic fracturing apparatus was developed to test the slurry-induced fracturing of cohesive soil. The effects of different sample parameters and loading conditions, including types of holes, unconfined compressive strength, slurry viscosity, and axial and circumferential loads, on the fracturing pressure and fracture dip were examined. The results indicate that the fracture dip is mainly affected by the deviator stress. The fracturing pressure increases linearly with the increase in the circumferential pressure, but it is almost independent of the axial pressure. The unconfined compressive strength of soil can reflect its ability to resist fracturing failure. The fracturing pressure increases with an increase in the unconfined compressive strength as well as the slurry viscosity. Based on the test results, an empirical approach was proposed to estimate the fracturing pressure of the soil.

关键词： slurry shield tunneling     hydraulic fracturing test     fracturing pressure     fracture dip     unconfined compressive strength     slurry viscosity    

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A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with

Zhuang CHENG, Jianfeng WANG, Matthew Richard COOP, Guanlin YE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 357-373 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0599-2

摘要： The development of a miniature triaxial apparatus is presented. In conjunction with an X-ray micro-tomography (termed as X-ray μCT hereafter) facility and advanced image processing techniques, this apparatus can be used for investigation of the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils under shear. The apparatus allows for triaxial testing of a miniature dry sample with a size of (diameter height). triaxial testing of a 0.4–0.8 mm Leighton Buzzard sand (LBS) under a constant confining pressure of 500 kPa is presented. The evolutions of local porosities (i.e., the porosities of regions associated with individual particles), particle kinematics (i.e., particle translation and particle rotation) of the sample during the shear are quantitatively studied using image processing and analysis techniques. Meanwhile, a novel method is presented to quantify the volumetric strain distribution of the sample based on the results of local porosities and particle tracking. It is found that the sample, with nearly homogenous initial local porosities, starts to exhibit obvious inhomogeneity of local porosities and localization of particle kinematics and volumetric strain around the peak of deviatoric stress. In the post-peak shear stage, large local porosities and volumetric dilation mainly occur in a localized band. The developed triaxial apparatus, in its combined use of X-ray μCT imaging techniques, is a powerful tool to investigate the micro-scale mechanical behavior of granular soils.

关键词： triaxial apparatus     X-ray μCT     in situ test     micro-scale mechanical behavior     granular soils    

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Effects of natural zeolite and sulfate ions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of plastic concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 86-98 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0793-x

摘要： One of the strategic materials used in earth-fill embankment dams and in modifying and preventing groundwater flow is plastic concrete (PlC). PlC is comprised of aggregates, water, cement, and bentonite. Natural zeolite (NZ) is a relatively abundant mineral resource and in this research, the microstructure, unconfined strength, triaxial behavior, and permeability of PlC made with 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% replacement of cement by NZ were studied. Specimens of PIC-NZ were subjected to confined conditions and three different confining pressures of 200, 350, and 500 kPa were used to investigate their mechanical behavior and permeability. To study the effect of sulfate ions on the properties of PlC-NZ specimens, the specimens were cured in one of two different environments: normal condition and in the presence of sulfate ions. Results showed that increasing the zeolite content decreases the unconfined strength, elastic modulus, and peak strength of PlC-NZ specimens at the early ages of curing. However, at the later ages, increasing the zeolite content increases unconfined strength as well as the peak strength and elastic modulus. Specimens cured in the presence of sulfate ions indicated lower permeability, higher unconfined strength, elastic modulus, and peak strength due to having lower porosity.

关键词： plastic concrete     sulfate resistance     natural zeolite     triaxial compression test     SEM     permeability    

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Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1595-7

摘要：

● Mechanical behavior of MBT waste affected by loading rate was investigated.

关键词： Mechanically and biologically treated waste     Landfill     Triaxial test     Loading rate     Axial strain     Shear strength parameter    

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Behavior of dam concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compression-compression-tension

WANG Huailiang, SONG Yupu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 323-328 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0043-5

摘要： In order to meet the requirement for nonlinear analysis and design of mass concrete structures, the deformation behavior and strength of three-graded concrete specimens 250 mm × 250 mm × 400 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 80 mm and the corresponding wet-screened concrete specimens 150 mm × 150 mm × 300 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 40 mm were studied experimentally. Specimens subjected to biaxial compression-tension (C-T) and triaxial compression-compression-tension (C-C-T) stress states. Test data indicate that both the deformation and strength of the mass concrete specimens are lower than those of the corresponding wet-screened concrete small specimens, but the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of the former is greater than that of the latter. Test results show that the wet-screened effect and size effect of the specimens under complex stress states are obvious such that these should be considered in the design of mass concrete structures. In addition, respective failure criteria for mass concrete in principal stress space and octahedron stress space are proposed.

关键词： requirement     wet-screened concrete     compression-tension     maximum aggregate     principal    

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Key problems and solutions in supercritical CO

Haizhu WANG, Gensheng LI, Bin ZHU, Kamy SEPEHRNOORI, Lujie SHI, Yong ZHENG, Xiaomei SHI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 667-672 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0626-y

摘要： Supercritical CO fracturing is considered to be a new method for efficient exploitation of unconventional reservoirs, such as shale gas, coal bed methane, and tight sand stone gas. Supercritical CO has many special properties including low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient, and lack of surface tension, which brings about great advantages for fracturing. However, these properties also cause several problems, such as difficulty in proppant transportation, high friction loss, and high pump displacement. In this paper, the above problems were analyzed by combining field test with laboratory study and specific solutions to these problems are given. The high frictionloss in the pipeline could be reduced by developing a new drag reducing agent and selecting large-size casing. Besides, for the problem of poor capacity in proppant carrying and sand plug, the methods of adding tackifier into supercritical CO , increasing pump displacement and selecting ultra-low density proppants are proposed. Moreover, for the problem of fast leak-off and high requirement for pump displacement, the displacement can be increased or the pad fluid can be injected into the reservoir. After solving the above three problems, the field test of supercritical CO fracturing can be conducted. The research results can promote the industrialization process of supercritical CO fracturing.

关键词： supercritical CO2     fracturing     friction loss     proppant carrying     flied test problem    

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低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第4期   页码 65-69

摘要：

针对高压低渗透油藏渗透率低、孔隙度小的特点，在压裂改造时进行裂缝监测，根据监测出的裂缝方位（方向）、裂缝长度、裂缝的高度（范围）和产状以及地下主应力的方向，为下步布井和井网调整提供了依据。2008年以来，现河地区已成功实施裂缝监测79井次，为低渗透油藏的高效开发提供了有力支持。

关键词： 裂缝监测     低渗透     压裂    

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Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 600-614 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0821-5

摘要： The stress concentration of pipe structure or cavity defect has a great effect on the mechanical properties of the high-performance concrete (HPC) members in deep underground locations. However, the behaviour of HPC with cavities under triaxial compression is not understood, especially when pressurized liquid flows into the fractures from the cavity. This study aims to investigate the effect of the cavity and the confining pressure on the failure mechanisms, strengths, and deformation properties of HPC with a new experimental scheme. In this experiment, the pressurized liquid can only contact the surface of the sample in the cavity, while the other surfaces are isolated from the pressurized liquid. To further explore the effect of the cavity, the same experiments are also conducted on sealed and unsealed intact samples without a cavity. The failure modes and stress-strain curves of all types of the samples are presented. Under various confining pressures, all the samples with a cavity suffer shear failure, and there are always secondary tensile fractures initiating from the cavity sidewall. Additionally, it can be determined from the failure modes and the stress-strain curves that the shear fractures result from the sidewall failure. Based on the different effects of the cavity on the lateral deformations in different directions, the initiation of the sidewall fracture is well predicted. The experimental results show that both the increase of the confining pressure and the decrease of the cavity size are conducive to the initiation of sidewall fracture. Moreover, the cavity weakens the strength of the sample, and this study gives a modified Power-law criterion in which the cavity size is added as an impact factor to predict the strength of the sample.

关键词： high-performance concrete     cavity     conventional triaxial compression     pressurized liquid     modified power-law criterion    

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三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

闫东明,林皋

《中国工程科学》 2007年 第9卷 第6期   页码 64-70

摘要：

对设计强度为10MPa的混凝土立方体试件进行三轴压缩试验，系统研究了等围压条件下混凝土的强 度和变形特性，围压分别为0，4，8，12，16MPa５个量级；同时研究了不等围压条件下混凝土强度变化特性， 试验表明，随着围压增加，混凝土的极限抗压强度有明显增强的趋势；随着小主应力的增加，中主应力的影响 有减弱的趋势；峰值应力处应变随围压增加幅度显著。得出了在不同恒定围压下混凝土的应力应变全过程曲线； 通过与当前文献资料的对比分析，指出了在混凝土结构计算中适用的强度及变形表达式，为工程实践提供了 依据。

关键词： 三向受力状态     不等围压     极限强度     变形     混凝土    

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Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxial

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 83-88 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0148-8

摘要： Unbound granular materials (UGMs) are widely used as a base or a subbase in pavement construction. They are generally well graded and exhibit a higher peak strength than that of conventional cohesionless granular materials. By using a simplified version of granular solid hydrodynamics (GSH), a set of GSH material constants is determined for a UGM material. The deviatoric stress and volumetric strain caused by triaxial compression are calculated and then compared with experimental data. The results indicate that the GSH theory is able to describe such a special type of granular materials.

关键词： granular solid hydrodynamics     unbound granular material (UGM)     triaxial tests    

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山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第4期   页码 16-19

摘要：

介绍了在山西沁水盆地煤层气压裂时监测到的压裂施工的横向效应，监测使用微地震方法。发现沿人工裂缝法向方向的邻井在施工时出现气量减少、枯竭、出水等反应，沿人工裂缝走向方向的邻井反应滞后。这一发现使笔者注意到煤层气压裂施工的横向挤压作用可能即时影响邻井产量，压裂设计时应该注意到这一反应的不良影响。

关键词： 煤层气     裂缝     水力压裂    

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Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 79-89 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0010-9

摘要： Safety assessment of the 62 m high Sance Rockfill Dam based on long-term monitoring results and their simulation by numerical models is presented in the paper. Unexpectedly large settlements and horizontal movements of the crest together with the steep downstream slope questioned the safety of the dam. Calibrated 2D and 3D models fitting the monitoring results were applied for the safety assessment of the dam including slope stability analysis and estimation of the clay core cracking and hydraulic fracturing hazard. The modeling results contributed to the rehabilitation concept and project of the dam.

关键词： rockfill dam     path dependence     creep     calibration     cracking     hydraulic fracturing hazard    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

期刊论文

A new method of studying collapsibility of loess

Yuanqing ZHU , Zhenghan CHEN ,

期刊论文

Crushed rocks stabilized with organosilane and lignosulfonate in pavement unbound layers: Repeated load triaxial

Diego Maria BARBIERI, Inge HOFF, Chun-Hsing HO

期刊论文

Experimental study on slurry-induced fracturing during shield tunneling

Teng WANG, Dajun YUAN, Dalong JIN, Xinggao LI

期刊论文

A miniature triaxial apparatus for investigating the micromechanics of granular soils with

Zhuang CHENG, Jianfeng WANG, Matthew Richard COOP, Guanlin YE

期刊论文

Effects of natural zeolite and sulfate ions on the mechanical properties and microstructure of plastic concrete

期刊论文

Effect of loading rate on shear strength parameters of mechanically and biologically treated waste

期刊论文

Behavior of dam concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compression-compression-tension

WANG Huailiang, SONG Yupu

期刊论文

Key problems and solutions in supercritical CO

Haizhu WANG, Gensheng LI, Bin ZHU, Kamy SEPEHRNOORI, Lujie SHI, Yong ZHENG, Xiaomei SHI

期刊论文

低渗油藏人工裂缝监测技术在现河地区的应用

肖淑明,吕志强, 郭志华,刘雪青

期刊论文

Effect of cavity defect on the triaxial mechanical properties of high-performance concrete

Yanbin ZHANG; Zhe WANG; Mingyu FENG

期刊论文

三向应力状态下混凝土强度和变形特性研究

闫东明,林皋

期刊论文

Application of granular solid hydrodynamics to a well-graded unbound granular material undergoing triaxial

Shixiong SONG, Qicheng SUN, Feng JIN, Chuhan ZHANG

期刊论文

山西沁水煤层气压裂施工的横向效应

李梦溪,张聪

期刊论文

Long-term behavior and safety assessment of Sance Rockfill Dam

Marta DOLEZALOVA, Ivo HLADIK

期刊论文